英美法系的合同受挫制度研究

合同受挫制度涵盖了意外事件导致履行不能、履行不现实和合同目的落空三种情况。其适用必须满足4个要件：寻求救济的当事人对发生的不利事件没有过错、没有承担不利事件的风险、不利事件的不发生是订立合同的基础以及不利事件的发生导致履行不能、不现实或者无意义。在发生受挫之前已经履行的部分义务,当事人可以获得相应的报偿。发生受挫后,可以变更或解除合同,而且受不利事件影响的当事人可以免除违约责任。

Research of Contract Frustration System in Anglo-American Law System

The contract frustration system covers three cases including impossibility of performance,irreality of performance and the frustration of contract in common law.The application must satisfy four elements: the party seeking relief on the occurrence of adverse events has no fault,there is no risk of adverse events,no occurrence of adverse events is the basis of signing a contract,and the occurrence of adverse events leads impossibility and meaninglessness of performance.The party can get the corresponding rewards if he has fulfilled some obligations before frustration.It is allowed to change or cancel the contract,and the party’s liability for breach of contract can be exempted after frustration.