The Time-Crunch Paradox |
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Authors: | Jose Ignacio Gimenez-Nadal Almudena Sevilla-Sanz |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Economics, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain;(2) Department of Economics and Centre for Time Use Research, University of Oxford, Manor Road Building, Manor Road, Oxford, OX1 3UQ, UK;; |
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Abstract: | Previous research has shown little difference in the average leisure time of men and women. This finding is a challenge to
the second shift argument, which suggests that increases in female labor market hours have not been compensated by equal decreases in household
labor. This paper presents time-use and leisure satisfaction data for a variety of western European countries, and shows that
accounting for socio-economic factors that differ between men and women is vital for understanding gender differences. We
find that working mothers have leisure levels that are much lower than those of working fathers and singles. Working mothers
are also most likely to report the least satisfaction with free time. Finding that time stress and leisure time are positively
correlated within socio-demographic groups suggests that the second shift argument is still valid, and that feelings of time stress are indeed associated with the lack of leisure time. |
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