重构组织化农业推广框架模型的理论探索

H·阿尔布列希建构的“组织化的农业推广框架模型”的目标团体系统（农户）松散化，没有实现组织化，进而无法反映现代农业推广系统中的主体多元化、客体多样化、推广方式和过程市场化等新特征，已无法指导现代农业推广的实践和理论研究，必须重构。为从整体上反映现代农业推广系统，依据该系统的开放复杂性和多学科融合性，利用拓展物理事理人理方法论的主体-客体-交互作用方法论，重构了组织化的农业推广框架模型。该模型的主体系统包括政府、大学科研院所、农业生产经营主体和社会团体四大类主体中的各种推广组织，强调主体间的协作关系，期望通过构建四螺旋多元协作推广主体系统来实现农业推广组织体系的创新。该模型的客体系统从农业科技成果拓展到市场信息、管理知识和创新能力，以反映新型农业生产经营主体在发展中的需求变化，模型的实践过程系统则反映了农业推广的市场化和产业化目标，并强调推广方式和手段的创新,以期为研究现代农业的多元推广机制和过程提供一个基础框架。

Theoretical Study on Reconstruction of Framework of Organized Agricultural Extension

In the target group system of the organized agricultural extension framework constructed by H·Albrecht, the farmers are loose and not organized. So the framework can not reflect the new characteristics of the modern agricultural extension system, such as the diversification of the subject and object, the marketing way of the agricultural extension means and process. According this, the framework is not able to guide the practice and theoretical research of the modern agricultural extension and need to be reconstructed. In this paper, based on the characteristics of the open complexity and the multidisciplinary integration of the agricultural extension system, a new framework of the organized agricultural extension is constructed by using the Zhuti Keti Jiaohuzuoyong (ZKJ) methodology which is extended from the Wuli Shili Renli (WSR) methodology. In this framework, the subjects of the subject system are the agricultural extension organizations which belong to the government, the university and scientific research institutes, the agricultural production and operation organizations and the social groups. The subject system emphasizes the cooperation among the agricultural extension organizations and expects to realize the system innovation of the agricultural extension organizations by constructing the multiple and cooperative subject system of the four spirals. The objects of the object system include the agricultural scientific and technological achievements, the market information, the management knowledge and the innovation ability. These objects reflect the changes in the demand of the agricultural production and operation organizations in order to promote their development. The process system shows the market oriented and industrial characteristics and emphasizes the innovations of the agricultural extension means. This framework tries to demonstrate the modern agricultural extension system on the whole and expects to be used to study the mechanism and process of the modern multiple agricultural extensions as a basic framework.