司法的"官僚化"与"后官僚化"——现代化语境下的刑事审判权管理

司法组织的官僚化是法治社会到来的一个不可忽视的现象。司法在组织结构上向现代官僚制发展是司法目标、诉讼价值目标以及社会环境变化的结果。司法官僚制具有明显的优点:它有助于提高法律适用的统一性;有助于加强系统内的权力监督;增强司法权对外部干预的抵御能力。但过分"官僚化"则会产生更多问题,如与司法民主的社会诉求相悖,影响审级制度的正常运行,制造新的公正危机,并从整体上降低司法审判的效率。针对我国国情,在对传统司法组织进行改造时,一方面应当继续深化职业化、专业化和规范化改革,另一方面则应当努力解决过度官僚化带来的问题,如民主问题、等级问题等,这些解决途径主要包括:对司法组织进行"扁平化"改造;提高诉讼的民主参与程度;科学分权,均衡各层级法院的权力等。

Judicial Bureaucratization and Post-Bureaucratization"——On Administration to Criminal Jurisdiction in the air of Modernization

It is unable to be neglected that judicial tissue is bureaucratizing with the coming of the society ruled by law.Bureaucratization of judicial tissue and structure is the outcome of change of the judicial aim,the view of procedure value and society situation.The bureaucrat has obvious advantages as follows: improving the unification of applying to law,intensifying the supervisal to authority,making the jurisdiction withstand interference easily.On the other hand,excessively bureaucratizing will makes for many questions,such as going against the social request to judicial democracy,discouraging the trial system work normally,producing new the crisis on justice,and decreasing wholly the efficiency of judgement.Under the circumstance,to renew the traditional judicial must deepen the reform on professionalism,specialization,and standardization.On the other hand,resolves the problems following with the excessively bureaucratizing,such as democracy,hierarchy and so on.These tracks include to flat the judicial tissue,improve the democratic participation,decentralize power scientifically for sharing equally in all steps in trial system.