论元代的官吏贪赃

元代官吏贪赃呈现前所未有的恶性发展。中央和地方官吏"廉耻道丧,贪浊成风",一批宰相卷入贪赃浪潮。蒙古贵族"撒花"俗和色目官僚亦官亦商、借聚敛而贪赃,又在官场上层影响风气,推波助澜。尽管元朝统治者也曾制订一整套惩贪政策:即详密的赃罪条例和监察、奉使监治。在元代官吏贪赃猖獗的诸多原因中,蒙古旧俗的渗入,是支配性和最主要的。它对俸薄、选举不精、官吏素质低下、徇私曲赦等,均发生了这样那样的背景性影响。

On the Problem of the Government Officials Taking Bribes During Yuan Dynasty

The problem that the government officials took bribes during Yuan dynasty presented a pernicious and unprecedented development. Both the central and local officials "lost their senses of shame to take bribes" that a group of prime ministers were involved in the activities of taking bribes. Although the rulers had formulated a series of policies to prevent and punish the bribery, such as making meticulous entries for the punishment of bribery, supervising policy and sending envoys to supervise the local officials, it was not effective. There are a great number of reasons for the officials taking bribes during Yuan dynasty, among which the Mongol outdated tradition was the most racial and dominating since it influenced other reasons such as the officials' small salary, elections not good, the low-grade quality of the officials, and bending the law for the benefit of relatives or friends.