《环境保护法》按日计罚制度适用问题研究——基于立法与执法视角

通过梳理中国环境保护按日计罚的立法演进与入法论争,勾勒出环境保护按日计罚的制度缘起。考察中国台湾关于按日计罚制度研究的相关成果,寻得比较法之镜鉴,即在法理层面上,按日计罚的性质无法简单归属为执行罚兼行政罚;并可通过立法技术化解行政罚性质的按日计罚与一事不再罚原则之间的冲突;但就立法初衷而言,按日计罚制度的性质应认定为执行罚。将按日计罚的法律性质界定为执行罚或行政罚,并从适用范围的扩展路径、罚款数额标准的精细化、“受到罚款处罚”“拒不改正”“计罚期间”的理解与适用等五个方面明确按日计罚制度的法律适用。

Analysis on the Application of the Rule of Daily Penalty in Environmental Protection Law-Based on Perspective of Legislation and Law Enforcement

This paper studies the legal institution of the daily penalty for environmental protection by going through its legislative process and controversy over writing daily penalty into law. After examining Taiwan''s related law for this institution,it can be concluded that the daily penalty should not be tagged as administrative penalty and executive penalty in terms of jurisprudence. Clarification of the relationship between the institution of the daily penalty and the principle against double jeopardy leads to a conclusion that the daily penalty is in nature executive penalty in terms of the intention of legislation. In the last session,the paper discusses the ways to expand legal applicability,elaborates the standard of penalty and studies the concept of "being fined","refusing to make correction" and "the duration of punishment" so as to clarify the legal applicability of daily penalty.