试论全球化背景下的国族认同:以东南亚华人为例

在全球化背景下,华人的国族认同以及在相对情况下对中国文化的认同,与华人人口分布和从事的行业、各国政府对华人政策的演变和现状及华人的反应密切相关。大致而言,采取严厉政策,如以宗教信仰、居地限制等预设“种族长城”隔离华人,则华人较不易融入该国社会,也不易形成对该国的国族认同,甚至坚持本身的国族和文化认同;反之,采取包容政策的国家,华人往往能融入当地社会并取得国籍。一个共同的现象是:华人即使取得居留国的国籍,一般仍保持对中国文化的认同,其中尤以汉族中的亚群客家最为明显。

On National Identity under Globalization :The Case of the Chinese in Southeast Asia

Under the background of globalization , the national identity and cultural identity held by overseas Chinese are closely related to the population distribution and the professions they are in , the policy evolution and thecurrent policy of the residence countries ,and the reactions on the part of resident Chinese as well . Generally , if a country takes drastic policies toward Chinese , which may take the form of″racial great wall″a iming toisolate Chinese by setting restrictions on their religion and residence , the overseas Chinese usually find it hard to integrate into and be identified with that country .In some extreme cases ,overseas Chinese would stick to the identity of their motherland and cultures . On the contrary , in the countries adopting inclusive policies , the Chinese will most probably integrate themselves into the local society and gain easy access to the nationality . However , there is one thing in common—even if the overseas Chinese have acquired the nationality of the country of residence , they would still preserve their cultural identity of Chinese , which is particularly true among the Hakkas , one of the subgroups of Han nationality .