后羿、寒浞神话传说的历史钩沉

由于羿的名字有夷羿、仁羿、穷羿、后羿之别,其活动时间从五帝时代晚期直到夏代中期,长达数百年,而其行事更是善恶不分,忠奸并容。因为这样的原因,学术史上往往将羿分为几个形象来理解,并认同某些古文献所持态度,把羿当作反面人物来对待。实际上这些都是误解。认识后羿及寒浞的神话传说,至少应该把握三点事实:(一)无论是神性的羿还是人性的羿,无论是族名羿、地名羿、图腾羿,还是酋长羿,实际都是同一个羿在不同历史阶段不同场合的不同表现而已;(二)就有关文献和考古资料可知,以后羿、寒浞为代表的东夷集团曾在中华文明起源及早期发展过程中创造过最先进的文化,东夷民族在当时众多民族部落中是一支实力最强大、影响最深远的民族;(三)战国秦汉文献中,对后羿、寒浞历史形象的批评否定,实际上是在中原文化中心论、夷夏之辨观念影响下,对东夷民族不公正态度的表现。

Historical Analysis on the myths ofHou YiandHan Zhuo

Yi is an old tribe existed from the late of Wudi Period to the mid-Xia Dynasty.In fact, the Hou Yi and Han Zhuo recorded in the ancient myths and legends should be understood completely and accurately by three aspects.Firstly,the different records about Yi and Han Zhuo are only their different deeds in different time or different places.Secondly,by inference of the received texts and the archaeological facts,it's obviously that the Dong Yi tribes represented by Hou Yi and Han Zhuo had created the most advan...