试论14、15 世纪佛罗伦萨的贵族政治

14、15 世纪的佛罗伦萨城市共和国是当时欧洲的中心，与经济文化方面的活跃相比，共和国在政治上相对沉寂，显示出明显的贵族化集权趋向。但是在共和主义传统影响下，佛城集权政治保留了共和制形式，维持了个人与集体、共和与专制之间的平衡，保持了社会开放性、多元化的特征。对这一时期佛罗伦萨的贵族政治应当从两方面评价：一方面专权政治孕育的个人专制的萌芽，是佛罗伦萨16 世纪以来共和主义危机、共和国覆亡的根源；另一方面在当时的历史环境中，相对集中的政治对共和国发展起到了积极的推动作用。

A Study of the Florence Aristocracy in the 14th and 15th Century

The Republic of Florence, as the center of Europe during the 14th and 15th century, has shownremarkable noble inclination on politics when compared with the active atmosphere in economic and cultural lives.However, the ideology of republicanism was so strong among citizens that the republican system was basicallyreserved. Politics in Florence from noble families have led to a delicate balance between democracy and autocracy.In short, we should look at the aristocracy of Florence in the 14th and 15th century from both sides. On one hand, theseed of dictatorship has indeed played an important role in the fall of the republic state later. On the other hand, theoptimists and their policies did make the city more glorious and powerful in the certain historical period.