从复音词数据看上古汉语单音词复音化现象

很多学者对上古汉语专书中的复音词作了定量—定性式的研究,得出大量可信的数据和可靠的结论。以这些数据为基础,分别把数量、频率、义项、构词方式是否完备等四个方面作为判定单音词复音化在上古汉语进程中的标准,可以发现上古汉语中的复音词在数量上有了快速的增长,并且汉语的各种构词方式在上古汉语末期已经基本具备,这说明单音词复音化在上古汉语中已经开始了第一次快速的增长,但复音词在使用频率的高低和义项的丰富程度上还是远远低于单音词,这说明单音词复音化的发展具有不平衡性。

A Study of Monosyllabic Words' Turning into Disyllabic and Polysyllabic Ones in Ancient Chinese Based on the Data of Disyllabic and Polysyllabic Words

Many scholars studied disyllabic and polysyllabic words in the ancient Chinese books by qualitative-quantitative method and acquired a large number of dependable data and reliable conclusions.Based on these data and with quantity,frequency,semantic entry and word-formation as the standards of judging monosyllabic words' turning into disyllabic and polysyllabic ones in the development of ancient Chinese,we can find that the number of disyllabic and polysyllabic words in ancient Chinese increased quickly and nearly every word-formation emerged in the later period of ancient Chinese.Thus it is concluded that monosyllabic words' turning into disyllabic and polysyllabic ones had its first rapid increase in ancient Chinese.However,compared with the monosyllabic words,disyllabic and polysyllabic words had a lower frequency of usage and a narrower range of semantic entries.Accordingly,it is concluded that monosyllabic words turned into disyllabic and polysyllabic ones in an unbalanced way.