中国核能安全保障法律制度与体系研究

核能安全保障是能源法研究的重点与热点问题之一。目前中国核能安全立法虽然初具规模,但既存在可操作性欠缺、法律责任规定强度过轻、核损害赔偿制度尚不完备等微观制度上的问题,又存在核能安全基本法缺位、单项支撑法律缺失、配套实施细则缺乏等宏观体系上的缺陷,无法有效满足核能安全保障工作的现实需要。为解决此问题,在微观层面应致力于完善覆盖"事前预防,事中控制,事后补救"各方面且内容切实可操作的核能安全保障法律制度;在宏观层面应致力于构建以《原子能法》统领,以《核物料法》《核设施法》《核应急法》《核损害赔偿法》等单项法律支撑,以相关法规和规章配套的核能安全保障法律体系。

On Perfecting Legal Regimes and System of Nuclear Security in China

A number of deficiency occurred in the current legal norms on nuclear security in China,mainly including some contexts are too principle to be executed efficiently,another are out of date,lack of basic law and relevant supporting legal instruments.This paper aims at examining the causes of above-mentioned problems and exploring the possible resolving measures.This paper thinks,for a long time,Chinese utilization of nuclear power hasn’t been supported by the comprehensive legal regime on nuclear security,which buries a series of security risk for future nuclear industry,so it is urgent to improve it in order to eliminate this type of potential nuclear risk in the future.Finally,this paper proposes to enact Atomic Energy Law and relevant supporting legal instruments as soon as possible in order to perfect current legal contexts to be more concrete and more easily applied to.