林业碳汇与生物多样性保护的法律研究

林业碳汇是基于《京都议定书》规定的间接减排温室气体的途径。一方面,林业碳汇交易有利于促进中国经济可持续发展,满足发达国家对减排二氧化碳的承诺;另一方面,林业碳汇可能会对当地的生态环境尤其是生物多样性保护造成伤害。国家必须通过立法规制林业碳汇项目对生物多样性的破坏行为。如何在规制森林碳汇和保护生物多样性之间维持一种平衡,成了环境法学界所面临的一个全新而迫切的课题。文章分析阐述了可在事前、事中、事后三个阶段予以规制:在事前用环境影响评价机制审视森林碳汇是否会对生物多样性造成破坏;在事中监督碳汇对生物多样性的动态影响;在事后救济阶段要建立惩罚机制。

Forest Carbon Sink and Biodiversity Conservation:From Legal Perspective

Forest carbon sink is an approach to realize the compensation of forest ecological values,originated from Kyoto Protocol.Forest carbon sink can promote economic sustainable development and help developed countries implement their GHGs emission reduction.But it may influence the local ecological environment without proper legal regulation,especially does harm to biodiversity conservation.It is necessary for states to make law regulating forest carbon sink and protecting biodiversity.How to make a balance between forest carbon sink and biodiversity conservation is an urgent issue in environmental law.Through three legislative stages in beforehand control,processing control and post-action remedy,we can regulate forest carbon sinks trading and protect biodiversity.In the first stage,environmental impact assessment mechanism examines whether forest carbon sinks trading does harm to biodiversity conservation.In the second stage,legislation supervises the dynamic effects of forest carbon sinks on biodiversity.In the third stage,punishment mechanism on destroying biodiversity is supposed to be established.