文化记忆、传统创新与节日遗产保护

根据德国学者阿斯曼的文化记忆理论,仪式与文本是承载文化记忆的两大媒体。在各种仪式行为中,节日以其高度的公共性、有组织性和历史性而特别适用于文化记忆的储存和交流。节日的文化功能,不仅在于对内的文化认同与社会整合,而且也在于对外的文化中介与民族同化。现代社会中的传统节日,带有文化遗留物与象征物的特点,且具有更大的公开性、全民性和民族性。顺应文化记忆的逻辑以及文化美学、社会教育学与旅游文化等多方面的社会要求,在保护节日遗产的同时,有必要对其进行适当的改良与创新。

Cultural Memory,Tradition Renewal and Heritage of Traditional Festivals

According to the theory of cultural memory raised by the German scholar Jan Assmann, ritual and text are two main mediums of cultural memory.Among all kinds of social rituals, annual festivals are most publicly,well organized and often accompanied by narrative literature with historical backgrounds.Thus, they offer the best possibilities for reserving and communicating cultural memory.In modern society, the participation of mass media enables the wide spread of ceremonial events, so that rural festivals become common cultural heritage of the entire population.They attract more public interest than in earlier times.The revitalized traditional festivals transmit cultural messages from the past, and play a symbolic role in the public consciousness of ethnicity, nationality and cultural identity.The maintenance of traditional festivals should be undertaken under the cooperation between the central and local government, experts and media.As a form of cultural transmission and a symbol of nation, their content and performances can be modified according to aesthetic and socio-educational needs.