试析晚年马克思舍弃“卡夫丁峡谷”设想的原因

马克思在给查苏利奇的复信草稿中提出了俄国公社“可以不通过资本主义制度的卡夫丁峡谷”的设想,而在正式复信中则舍弃了这一提法。马克思之所以舍弃这一提法,似有如下三个方面的原因:其一,这一提法使用了“通过卡夫丁峡谷”这一古罗马典故,容易让人揣测并引发歧义;其二,这一提法容易被人混同于民粹派所主张的关于俄国可以避免资本主义发展阶段的思想;其三,从人类学的角度来看,“资本主义制度的卡夫丁峡谷”这一提法在理论上是不准确的。

The Reasons for Marx's Abandonment of His Former Hypothesis of "Furcae Caudiane" in His Late Years

In the draft of his reply to Zasulich,Marx put forward his hypothesis that Russian communities might be established without going throuth the stage of "Furcae Caudiane of the capitalist system",but he abandoned his hypothesis in his formal reply.There may be the three reasons for Marx to give up his idea:(1) The expression "Furcae Caudiane" is an allusion to Ancient Rome,and may lead to misinterpretation;(2) The hypothesis may be taken as an equivalent to the Populist claim that Russia may not undergo the stage of capitalist development;(3) From an anthropological point of view,"Furcae Caudiane" hypothesis is theoretically untenable.