社会保险权的历史发展:从工业公民资格到社会公民资格

伴随着现代社会保障制度的改革与发展,社会保险权的发展轨迹也愈加清晰:从德国《1881年帝国诏书》中面向劳工阶级的书面性权利,到美国1935年《社会保障法案》中较为丰满的法定权利,再到1942年《贝弗里奇报告》描画的国民普享式社会权利,并经受住了20世纪70年代末以来新保守主义及其政策导向的考验,经历了从工业公民资格到社会公民资格的螺旋式演进。在这个过程中,社会保险制度呈现出的全民化、福利化和私营化趋向,已经、正在、未来必将继续影响社会保险权的发展。

The Historical Development of the Right to Social Insurance: From industrial citizenship to social citizenship

It was workers’struggle and social insurance system that gave birth to the right to social insurance. With the reform and development of modern social security system,the development trajectory of the right to social insurance is increasingly clear: from thepaper claimsfor working class in Germany’sImperial Message of 17th November 1881 to the full legal rights in America’s Social Security Act of 1935,to universal social rights for all citizens provided by Beveridge Report of 1942, and then suffered the test from new conservatism and its policiessince the late 1970s. In the process,the right to social insurance had undergone a spiral evolution from industrial citizenship to social citizenship and was influenced by the trends of universalization,welfare-orientation and privatization of social insurance system.