民事权利能力质疑论

民事权利能力制度起源于罗马法中的人格制度,是现代民法主体制度的组成部分.自民事权利能力的缘起、设计目的并结合我国关于自然人和法人权利能力现行规定之缺漏及歧义考量,在人权保护日益完善之当今,权利能力制度的社会基础已经丧失.民事权利能力制度的存在与其说是实现其传统功能,不如说是长期适用该制度惯性的延续.现代民法均自民事主体诞生或成立起便赋予民事权利能力,不具有者已不复存在.从法律实效性出发,应该废除民事权利能力制度.

Skepticism on the Capacity for Civil Rights System

The capacity for civil rights system originated from the personality system of the Roman law and is a component of the modern civil subject system.By reviewing the origin of capacity for civil rights,its designed purpose and the gaps and ambiguities regarding the current provisions in China’s current laws about natural person and legal person’s right capacity,this paper comes to the conclusion that the capacity for civil rights system has lost its social foundation in today’s China where human rights protection has been increasingly perfected.The capacity for civil rights system exists not out of the necessity of its functions but out of the inertia of its long application.In the modern civil law,a civil subject is endowed with the capacity for civil rights since its birth or establishment and no one is without the capacity.Therefore,the capacity for civil rights system should be abolished in light of the principle of legal effectiveness.