音乐作品抄袭的版权侵权认定标准及其抗辩

音乐作品因其构成要素的有限性,尤其是流行音乐因其市场需求的有限性,导致音乐作品独创与抄袭之间界限的难以把握.音乐作品中独创性的部分应该给予版权保护,但功能性内容不能垄断.按照接触加实质性相似判断标准,有证据证明“接触可能”也构成侵权.“实质性相似”标准有定量和定性的要求,对流行音乐来说,专家意见是参考,普通外行听众可以成为实质性相似的判断主体.在音乐抄袭构成版权侵权的前提下,潜忆抄袭可以成为版权侵权的有效抗辩理由,可以通过减轻责任承担来平衡版权人和潜忆抄袭人之间的利益.

A Study of the Infringement of Copyright in Musical Plagiarism

Generally speaking,it is difficult to distinguish originality and plagiarism in musical works because of the limited elements and market demand.The original elements in musical works should be protected by copyright law without protecting monopoly in functional element.There is evidence that "Access Possibility" also constitutes infringement of property rights,judged by the criterion of "Access and Substantial Similarity".The Quantitative-Qualitative criterion is necessary for Substantial Similarity.Ordinary listeners are competent in identifying substantial similarity between the copyrighted musical works and musical plagiarism.According to Medicine and Psychology,subconscious plagiarism exists in pop music creation.Reducing the liability can balance the interests between copyright owners and subconscious plagiarists.