后马克思主义对葛兰西和阿尔都塞意识形态理论的批判与重构

在葛兰西那里，物质性的意识形态避免了基础-上层建筑的二分法，市民社会领域的意识形态霸权斗争赋予斗争主体以“集体意志”，但是，葛兰西的霸权概念中残存着阶级霸权的最终的本体论基础。阿尔都塞强调了意识形态把个体询唤为主体的自我臣服机制，强调了个体对于一种想象性关系的误识的体认，但阿尔都塞的意识形态分析以多元决定的社会结构为基础，意识形态以及上层建筑的自治性始终被禁锢在以生产方式为核心的经济的最终决定性下。为此，拉克劳和墨菲赋予意识形态以流动性；通过话语理论的引入，他们强调了在霸权链接实践中将意识形态斗争指向民主革命的现实策略。

Post-Marxism′s Critique and Reconstruction of the Theory of Gramsci and Althusser′s Ideology

For Gramsci,material ideology avoids the foundation -superstructure dichotomy and ideological he-gemony struggle in the civil society gives the fighting subjects“collective will”.However,in Gramsci′s concept of hegemony,there remains the final ontology foundation of class hegemony.Althusser emphasized the individual sur-render system in which ideology calls individual as the main body,stressing the individual′s error recognition of an imaginary relationship,but Althusser′s ideology is based on multivariate decided social structure.Ideology and the autonomy of the superstructure are always confined to an economy -driven mode taking production as the core. Therefore,Laclau and Mouffe gave liquidity to ideology.By introducing the theory of discourse,they emphasized the practical strategies in the hegemony link practice which directs ideological struggle to democratic revolution.