社会养老服务的观念嬗变——基于国家层面的政策精神

伴随着人口老龄化进程,我国养老服务的需求在日益增长,为此,政府颁布了一系列的通知、意见和规划。在这些政策背后,体现了国家对社会养老服务的认知和理念。经过对10多年来的政策梳理后发现,国家层面对社会养老服务的观念演变,经历了三个阶段,养老服务的社会福利观、养老服务的层次体系观和养老服务的社会管理观。每个阶段,国家对社会养老服务的责任主体、概念界定、服务对象、服务主体、服务内容等均有一定的规定,且愈发清晰、完整和细化。系统把握国家层面政策,有助于深入掌握政策精神,有助于政策的更好实施,有助于预见新的政策导向。

Concept Evolution of Aged Care Services: Based on the National Policies

With the ageing of the population, China is demanding more aged care services. The Chinese Government has enacted a series of policies which embodied the national percep- tion of social services for the aged. Through analyzing policies of the past decade, it is found that this conception at the national level has gone through three stages, i.e., the view of social welfare, the view of hierarchical system and the view of social management. At each stage, the subject of responsibility, concept definition, object of service, subject of service and content of service are stipulated in detailed. It is in line with the national policies systematically and contributes to a better understanding of the essence of policy, facilitating implementation and orientation of the policies.