学院时代美国大学的学术自由

在美国高等教育史上,通常把南北战争爆发之前这段时期称为学院时代。在此期间,美国高等教育仿效欧洲尤其是英国模式而建立,与欧洲大学的学术自由传统有着非常密切的联系。然而,由于条件所限,此时美国大学及其教师所享有的学术自由却十分有限,他们为争取学术自由进行了艰苦的努力,并取得一些局部性的胜利。考察学院时代美国大学的学术自由,有助于更加全面而科学地理解美国大学学术自由的发展及现状。

American AcademicFreedomin the Age of Colleges

The period of time before the Civil War in the history of American higher education is regarded as the Age of Colleges. During that time American universities and colleges were founded according to the European pattern, especially England's. Hence,they are greatly influenced by the tradition of academic freedom in European u-niversities. However, due to limited conditions of those days, American universities and colleges and the faculty enjoyed very limited academic freedom. They struggled hard for it and won partial victory . Investigating the academic freedom in the Age of collges can help us better understand the development and the present condition of academic freedom in America.