列宁法律监督思想及其借鉴意义

列宁对法律监督的价值意义、制度架构进行了系统的阐发。在他看来，为了保证法律在全国的统一实施，必须建立以专门的法律监督机构为主导的、广大人民群众广泛参与的监督机制；法律监督机构应该由最高国家权力机关产生，并享有与行政机关、审判机关平行的宪法地位；为了从组织上保证检察机关独立行使职权、防止和克服地方的影响，检察机关应该保持相对的独立性，在内部实行垂直领导原则；检察机关的法律监督权包括对一般社会主体的违法行为的监督、国家机关及其工作人员的违法行使职权行为的监督；法律监督机关只拥有代表国家行使控诉、检举的权力，而不能行使决定制裁、处罚的权力。这些法律监督思想具有丰富的法治意蕴，对当代中国的法律监督制度的建设以及检察体制的改革具有一定的借鉴意义。

Lenin's Thoughts of Legal Supervision and Its Referential Significance

Lenin has elaberated on the value and institutional framework of legal supervision. In his view, in order to carry out the laws all through the country, a supervising mechanism must be established, which should be composed mainly of special legal supervisory organs and involve the broad participation of the masses. The legal supervisory organs should be appointed by the supreme state authority and be granted the same constitutional status as the ad- ministrative organs and judicial organs. To guarantee that the procuratorial organs can function independently and to ward off the influence from the local governments, they should maintain relative independence under vertical leadership. The legal supervision of the procuratorial organs includes their supervision over the social offences of general social subjects and the illegal functioning of the state organs and their staff.Legal supervision organs should only be granted the power of charge and prosecution on behalf of the state, but not the power of imposing punishment. These thoughts conform to the rule of law and are referentially significant for the construction of the legal supervision and the reform of the procuratorial system in contemporary China.