Multi-level issues in evolutionary theory, organization science, and leadership |
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Authors: | Francis J Yammarino Fred Dansereau |
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Institution: | aCenter for Leadership Studies and School of Management, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, United States;bJacobs Management Center and School of Management, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14226, United States |
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Abstract: | Multi-level issues are critical in the physical, social, and behavioral sciences. We articulate issues related to multiple levels of analysis in theory building and theory testing and explore them from evolutionary theory (ET) and organization science and leadership (OSL) perspectives. Specifically, analogous multi-level concepts and notions in ET and OSL are identified, aligned, and illustrated. Ideas from evolutionary psychology are included in the ET perspective, while notions from the varient approach are included in the OSL perspective. Several exemplars in OSL that incorporate ET and multi-level perspectives are presented. Numerous examples and lessons learned from ET and implications of multi-level issues and multiple levels of analysis for future theory building and theory testing in OSL are discussed as well. |
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Keywords: | Multi-level theory building Multi-level theory testing Multiple levels of analysis issues Evolutionary theory Organization science Leadership Evolutionary psychology Varient approach Fallacies False dichotomies Analytic tools |
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