清代“诗文评”之“集大成”

清代,诗话、词话、小说和戏曲评点、曲论及其他有关文艺问题的论说遍地丛生,"诗文评"的各种著作大面积出现,是中国古代文论"集大成"的时代。在诗论方面,许多学者的思想、著作都带有所谓"总结性"、"集大成"、"系统化"的成分,而叶燮是其中最具代表性的一位,他可谓清代诗论家第一人,其《原诗》内外篇四卷数万言,是中国"诗文评"史上少数几部最富体系性和系统性、理性思维缜密、哲理味道甚浓的"集大成"理论著作之一。小说评点的代表人物首推金圣叹,他的成就,一是表现在特别区分了叙事文学之"纪实"与"虚构"的特点;二是对叙事文学写人状物、性格刻画作了精彩论述,总结了前人又超越了前人。而曲论则非李渔莫属,其《闲情偶寄》中《词曲部》、《演习部》和《声容部》之一部分,堪称中国古代最出色、最具系统性、吸收并总结了前人的有关理论思想的一部"集大成"曲论著作,影响深远。

Comprehensive Expression of Comments on Poetry and Prose in the Qing Dynasty

The Qing Dynasty is the period of comprehensive expression of comments on poetry and prose since there are a large number of comments on poetry,Ci,novels,and dramas.In the aspect of poetry theory,many scholars' thoughts and works possess the feature of summary,comprehensiveness and systematization,among which Ye Xie is the best representative.His Exploring Poetry is one of the most systematical theoretical works on poetry.The representative of commenting on novels is Jin Shengtan,whose achievements are the following.One,he particularly distinguishes recording and making up in narration.The other is that his wonderful comments on characters and roles not only summarize but also surpass the formers.Li Yu leads the comments on dramas and his Xianqing Ouji has a far-reaching influence on dramas.