民间文化遗产的地方性与“国家化”实践

近年来,民间文化正以"遗产化"的形式被建构成一种新的人文资源。在"遗产化"进程中地方文化正在向"国家遗产"转变。该现象已引起学界的讨论,其主题集中于民间文化与文化遗产的关系问题,但较少涉及遗产的地方属性与"国家化"的实践。从端砚文化个案来讲,国家遗产的身份强化了政府管理与遗产的关系,却又在很大程度上削弱了遗产与地方的内在关联;同时,国家遗产的管理与地方社会的现实之间仍存在一定的距离,尤其是"自上而下"的保护理念在地方社会不仅遭遇一定的尴尬,而且难以促成文化持有者实现真正的文化自觉。因此,引导文化持有者的广泛参与、规范地方政府的行政权力将是今后文化遗产保护的重要内容。

Locality and Nationalization of Folk Cultural Heritage

In recent years,folk culture is formed as a new mode of humane resources by interpreting as "heritabilization".In the process of heritabilization,the local culture is now chaing into the national heritage.This phenomenon,more focused on the relationship between folk culture and cultural heritage but the practice of nationalization and the local characters of heritage,creates heated debates among researchers.Taking Duanxi inkstone culture as an instance,the identity of national heritage enhance the linkage between government’s governance and heritage,however,it weaken the inherent correlation of heritage and the local areas.The management of national heritage still maintains a long distance from the local reality,especially when the "top-down" protecting conception could not realize cultural consciousness of culture holders.Therefore,promoting the broader participation of culture holders and standardizing local government’s executive powers will be the essential part of cultural heritage protection in the future.