李靖神化的初步演变及其原因

李靖为唐代著名将领，在后世其形象逐渐被神化。明清之际，人们了解的李靖是已经被小说家们艺术化的托塔天王李靖。在唐代，李靖就开始被初步神化。李靖被初步神化的文献记载可以分为笔记传奇和史书两部分。从笔记传奇看，随着时间的发展，李靖神化形象由虚到实，到唐末已固定为一名为国为民、法力非凡、颀长黑衣的壮年男子；从史书看，随着李靖在国家祭祀和地方祭祀中政治地位的上升，其神化过程更进一步展开，成为一名有具体职责、可以降雨的仙人。最后，从隋末唐初的宗教背景、政治背景、李靖的兵书著作、军事才能和个人性格等五个方面总结李靖在唐代被神化的原因。  

Apotheosis of Li Jing: Its Evolution and Causes

Li Jing is a famous general in Tang Dynasty. With the going on of time, he was deified. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, people knew the Li Jing was a characterized as To Ta King by novelists. Li's deification began from the Tang Dynasty and the process has two versions, one in the form of written-note legend and the other in book of history. From the former version, he was a tall and strong man in black, a character that changed from virtual to real, being able to safeguard people with his omnipotence. And the deification fossilized in the late Tang Dynasty. From the latter version, his deification escalated into someone of political status, a god with the duty to ask the sky for rain. Finally, the paper analyzed his deification from the backgrounds of religion, politics, his art works, his military competence and personal character.