代际流动性对社会公平影响的实证研究

本文利用CHNS微观调研数据库，实证分析了中国代际收入弹性及其传递机制，以及收入、教育资源和社会阶层分布的不平等性。研究表明，我国收入差距经历了逐步扩大到趋于平稳的过程，而同期代际流动性则经历了先波动后提高的过程。人力资本投资和社会地位影响可以解释代际收入弹性的30%左右。教育公平为促进我国社会公平发挥了主要作用，随着机会公平性的不断改善，代际流动性也将不断提高，将进一步减小个体差异性，缩小收入差距，使中国社会走向机会公平、收入公平和社会公平。

An Empirical Study on the Effect of Intergenerational Mobility on Social Equality

Based on China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) data, this paper figures out the intergenerational income elasticity of China, analyses its casual mechanism and studies the inequality of income, education resource and social status in China. The empirical study shows that the income gap in China has become stable after years of gradually growth, meanwhile, the intergenerational mobility is increasing after experiencing rises and falls. The investment on human capital and social status can explain 30% of intergenerational income elasticity. Education equality contributes the most to China’s social equality. With the continuous improvement of opportunity equality, China’s intergenerational mobility will keep increasing, which will narrow the gap of individuals and lead to a further step on the road of opportunity fair, income fair and social fair.