我国船舶燃油污染损害民事责任限制法律制度反思--从北方海航道船舶燃油污染损害民事责任限制法律适用谈起

未来我国航运业利用北方海航道将以散货船和集装箱船为主，船舶燃油污染损害民事责任限制乃北方海航道大规模通航后必然引发的问题，相关国际公约和《俄罗斯联邦商船航运法典》的不同规定，使我国船舶在该航道中的燃油污染损害赔偿责任限制的法律适用不明晰。我国《海商法》规定的责任限制数额远低于俄罗斯国内法和国际法律规则之规定，不利于我国沿海燃油污染损害赔偿问题的解决。可尝试通过参加相关公约，或借鉴俄国内法规定，针对国际航线船舶在我国沿海的燃油污染问题提高我国法律中的赔偿责任限制数额。

The Legal Application about Limitation of Liability of Bulk Oil Pollution on the Northern Sea Route

Northern Sea Route constitutes a main part of the Arctic Northeast Passage .In the future , in China＇s shipping industry bulk cargo vessels and container vessels will be the substantial transportation type on the Northern Sea Route .Bulk oil pollution will be a kind of severe pollution resulting from the large scale transportation on the Northern Sea Route .The relevant regulations about the limitation of lia-bility about bulk oil pollution are quite different among International Convention on Civ il L iability f or Bunker Oil Pollution Damage ,Convention on Limitation of Liability for Maritime Claims ,1976 and its 1996 Protocol ,and The Merchant Shipping Code of the USSR .It may cause legal application issue when Chinese vessels cause bulk oil pollution on the Northern Sea Route .Besides ,the limitation of liability un-der the Maritime Code of China is much lower than that of the Merchant Shipping Code of the USSR , which is disadvantageous for China＇s damage compensation for bulk oil pollution .The ratification of rele-vant convention or learning from the legislation experience of USSR ,and enhancing the limitation of liabil-ity standard under Maritime Code of China will benefit China＇s marine environment when we are confront-ed with huge environment claims by other maritime powers .