说"美刺"--兼谈鲁、齐、韩、毛四家诗之异同

古代儒家成系统的诗论 ,出自对《诗经》的解读 ,较早的有鲁、齐、韩、毛四家。四家说诗互有异同 ,但无论是讲诗言志 ,或是以比兴言诗 ,还是谈风雅正变 ,都以“美刺”为一贯之宗旨。这成为汉代诗学思想体系最显著的特征 ,奠定了中国传统诗歌理论批评的政教纲领

On "Mei Ci" (To Speak Approvingly of Good, Perfect and Beauty and to Make Creak at Bad, Wicked and Ugliness)--The Similarities and Differences of Lu Shi, Qi Shi, Han Shi and Mao Shi Discussed concurrently

The completion of a systematic expounding and c riticizing on poems in ancient China by Confucianists was coming out from the commentary and elucidation of The Book of Songs . There were four schools of this form of literary works: The Lu Shi ( Lu Songs, so named after the founder Shen Pei's birth place Lu, now south west of Shandong province), The Qi Shi (Qi Songs, so named after the founder Yuan Gui's birth place Qi, now north east of Shandong province), The Han Shi (Han Songs, so named after the founder Han Ying's family name), and The Mao Shi (Mao Songs, so named after the founder Mao Heng's family name). No matter how the poem were taken to show wills or intentions, or to express emotional feelings, or to be taken as a measure to write the village songs, to sing the sound of court, and to beset in royal ancestral shrine music, the main ideas of Songs are " mei ci " (to speak approvingly of good, perfect and beauty and to make creak at bad, wicked and ugliness). This became the characteristics marking the thought of poetry in the Han Dynasty, and laying the foundation of criticism on the traditional political and educational theory of Chinese poetries.