从经济学角度看世界贸易体系

如果世界贸易体系有一部完整法典的话,这部法典的内容就体现在《关税及贸易总协定》及其继承者--世界贸易组织的条文中。但长期以来,这部完整的法典一直是国际法学家研究的对象,经济学家对它的系统的、规范的研究只是近几年的事。从经济学的角度对现存的世界贸易体系进行分析,可以看出,世界贸易体系的产生是为了避免高关税竞争给世界经济带来的灾难,其宗旨是帮助成员国政府走出贸易改善过程中出现的"囚徒困境"。世界贸易体系对成员国实际义务的约束力在于贸易伙伴国之间的相互依存度,发展中国家在现存的世界贸易体系中处于不利的、被动的地位。

The Economics Approach for the World Trade System Analysis and the Mechanism for Dispute Settlement

If the world trade system has a constitution, it is embodied in the articles of the General Agreement on tariffs and Trade (GATT) and now its successor organization, the World Trade Organization (WTO). For a long time, legal scholars have explored it from the perspective of international laws, and only until recently it has become the subject of systematic and formal economic research. The purpose of this article is, based on the study of research methodologies on the world trade system, to provide a formal economic analysis and justification for the origin and design and the features of WTO. In particular, the article analyzes the impact of inter-dependence between member countries on the establishment of the world trade system, the enforcement of and the mechanism for dispute settlement under trade agreement.