五四:"借思想文化解决问题"的是与非

五四启蒙运动一直受到各种误解和非议,有人指责它面对时代的复杂问题而选择了思想文化上的变革,有人指责它"借思想文化以解决问题"。但是,新文化运动不是一场社会变革的舆论前奏,而是一场大变革之后的文化补课。所以,它要解决的问题就是思想文化问题,而不是"借思想文化以解决问题"。新文化运动之所以致力于思想文化的变革而不致力于政治革命,因为他们认为当时中国迫切需要解决的是思想文化层面上的问题,而不是政治制度层面上的问题。新文化运动从巩固民主共和制度入手,以批判传统和改造国民性为手段,致力于培养现代公民,推进人的独立与解放,这无疑是正确的选择。近几年来,五四新文化运动面临一种新的批评:文化决定论。但历史的事实告诉我们,无论陈独秀还是胡适、鲁迅、李大钊、钱玄同,《新青年》集团的主要成员都不是文化决定论者。他们重视思想文化的变革,但并不忽视制度建设。他们的思想文化变革正是为维护民主共和制度服务的。

May 4th: Yes Versus No about "Resolving Questions by the Thought and Calture"

The enlightenment movement in May 4th era have been mistaking and ce nsuring at all times. Someone throws stones at it that it chose the transform of the thought and culture when it was in th face of many complex matters in the era, someone rebukes that it resolves questions by the thought and culture. But the new culture movement isn't a sinfonia of the public voice before the society transform but making up a missed lesson of culture after it. So it wasn't going to resolve questions by the thought and culture but the problems about the culture. It didn't bend itself to political revolution but the change about the thought and culture because they thought that the problems Chinese needed to resolve wasn't the political system but thought and culture at that time. The new culture movement applied itself to cultivate modern civics and push the human independency and liberation. They did it from how to consolidate the systems of democracy and republic and depended on animadverting tradition and putting right the nationity. This is a right choice. The new culture movement in may fourth is facing a new critic since these years, that is determinism of culture but we know it by historical truth that Neither Chen Duxiu nor Hu Shi, Lu Xun, Li Dazhao, Qian Xuantong were determinists of culture, who were the center members in New Young People. They attached importance to the thought transformation, however they didn't neglect of the construction of the system. Their transformation aout the thought and culture served just for the maintenance of democractic and republican system.