自然主义环境伦理学的伦理基础与环境问题的解决

环境问题的产生不仅有其现实根源,更在于其理论根源,即传统伦理学.传统伦理学是建立在传统人道主义基础上的,其伦理基础是人类共同的人性价值.因此,传统伦理学是仅适用于人类内部的伦理学.在传统伦理学那里物不再是具有存在论根基的自在之物,自然也不再是具有自在的存在论本性的自在自然,而是成为为主体产生又为主体所用的人化自然.因此传统伦理学堵塞了人类通向自然的伦理之路.面对这种情况,西方自然主义的环境伦理学应运而生,其建立的伦理依据是自然界的"内在价值"和自然界的权利.他们认为自然界的"内在价值"是不依赖人的评价而改变的,是内在的存在于事物的本质当中的.自然界的权利是指自然界中的自然物一旦存在,便有按照生态学规律继续存在下去的权利,是任何人都无权干预的.这对于把自然界纳入伦理学研究对象这一方面具有进步意义.同时也使得人能够正确认识自身在自然界中的地位.为环境问题的解决奠定理论基础.

The Ethical Basis of Natural Environment Ethics and the Resolution of Environmental Problems

Environmental issues have not only its real root causes, but also its theoretical roots, that is, traditional ethics. Traditional ethics is set up on the traditional humanistic foundation, whose ethical foundation is common humanity value. Therefore, traditional ethics is only suitable for the ethics within the humanity. The thing is no longer a thing-in-itself which has the existence foundation, the nature is no longer a nature-in-itself which has the free existence natural instincts, but a humanized nature has evolveed from subject and been used by subject. Traditional humanism has blocked the way to the natural ethics. Confronted with this situation, the environmental ethics of western naturalism arises at the historic moment. Its ethical basis is "inherent value" and natural right. "Inherent value" is not changing relying on humanity, but the inherent existence in the essence of the things. The natural right means that once the natural thing exists in the nature, it will have the right to continue existing according to the ecology law, and no one has the right to intervene with. This will help people correctly understand the nature of their status and solve the environmental problems on theoretical basis.