西藏寺庙建筑平面形制的发展演变

寺庙建筑在西藏地区的发展分为三个时期：萌芽期、发展期和成熟期。通过一系列的实例，以平面形制为出发点，探讨了藏传佛教寺庙建筑的发展历程。萌芽期主要是吐蕃王朝时期，佛教由大唐和尼泊尔同时传入藏地，寺庙建筑作为外来建筑形式，经历了从无到有的过程，并且受到了来自汉地、印度和尼泊尔等佛教文化发达地区建筑文化的影响，此时的寺庙建筑平面形式以对印度寺庙的模仿为主；发展期主要是后弘期开始的前四五百年时间，随着佛教文化与藏地文化的融合，藏传佛教寺庙建筑逐渐有了自己的雏形，就是“前堂后殿”和“前堂侧殿”形式的出现；伴随着格鲁派的发展壮大，寺庙形式趋于成熟定型，三段式的平面布局，“前堂后殿”式成为平面形制的主流。

The Development of Tibetan Temple's Plane Form

With a range of cases,this paper discusses the plane form of Tibetan Buddhism temples.The architecture development of Tibetan temples has passed three stages: the embryonic,the developing and the mature.The first stage,the period of Tubo Dynasty when Buddhism was introduced into Tibet from Tang Dynasty and Nepal,witnessed the growth of temples from nothing.Influenced by the architectural culture of developed regions with Buddhist culture such as Tang Dynasty,India and Nepal,the temple's plane form was an im...