International Adoption: Counseling and the Adoption Triad |
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| Authors: | Amanda L. Baden Judith L. Gibbons Samantha L. Wilson Hollee McGinnis |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Montclair State University , Montclair , New Jersey , USA;2. Saint Louis University , St. Louis , Missouri , USA;3. Medical College of Wisconsin, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Child Development Center–International Adoption Clinic , Milwaukee , Wisconsin , USA;4. Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis , Missouri , USA |
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| Abstract: | Despite a 60-plus–year history of international adoption (IA) placements, the body of research exploring counseling and psychological interventions for those affected by IA is still in its infancy. This critical review of the state of the literature addresses research, theory, and practice relevant to the international adoption triad (adoptive parents, birth parents, and adoptees). We highlight the lack of empirical attention to the clinical needs of birth parents, the tendency to overlook the clinical needs of adoptive parents both pre- and post-adoption, early childhood vulnerability in international adoptees, and adolescent identity challenges and the attendant clinical issues. |
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| Keywords: | international adoption transracial adoption adopted person adoptive parents birth parents counseling psychotherapy |
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