从数据跨境流动的域外规制看中国对策

在数字经济时代，数据跨境流动中的个人权益和国家利益损害问题引起各国立法的关注。各国不同的跨境流动法律规制模式蕴含其对数据保护的不同价值取向:以欧盟为代表的模式重视个人数据权益保护，推动欧盟范围内的数据自由流动，限制数据向境外输出;以美国为代表的模式积极推动数据自由跨境流动，重视数据的经济价值，限制重要数据出境;以俄罗斯为代表的模式则重视数据主权与国家安全，建立数据本地化规则，限制数据的自由跨境流动。身处全球数据跨境流动的规制热潮之中，我国政府应坚持以保护数据主体权益和国家安全为基础，允许数据在合理范围内自由跨境流动，实现数据保护与合理利用的平衡，提高国际话语权与影响力。

China's Response Based on Extraterritorial Regulation of Data Cross-border Flow

In the era of Internet and digital economy, the cross-border flow of data happens more frequently, and problems of damage to personal rights and national interests in the cross-border flow of data have aroused the attention of different countries. Different legal and regulatory modes for cross-border flows of data contain their different value orientations for data protection: the model represented by the EU attaches importance to the protection of personal data rights and interests, promotes the free flow of data within the EU, and restricts the export of data outside the country; the model represented by the US actively promotes the free cross-border flow of data, attaches importance to the economic value of data, and restricts the export of important data; the model represented by Russia attaches importance to data sovereignty and national security, establishing data localization rules and restricting the free flow of data across borders. In the boom of global regulation of data cross-border flow, China should insist on protecting the rights and interests of data subjects and national security and allow data to flow freely across borders within a reasonable range to achieve a balance between data protection and rational use, and improve international discourse and influence.