从文学怪诞与写实的视角看小说《侏儒小查赫斯》

《侏儒小查赫斯》是德国作家霍夫曼的融趣味性与叙事性为一体的怪诞风格小说.小说运用怪诞文学的特征和手法,把小查赫斯的丑陋写到极致的同时又将完美描写得无以复加,形成强烈的戏剧效果,讽刺和幽默是其怪诞审美功能的表现.小说在怪诞风格下,仍有诸多写实主义元素.叙述背景以当时社会为参照,叙述情节以现实背景为依托,叙述基调建立在写实主义之上,揭露查赫斯丑恶本质亦反映出现实社会的丑陋,符合逻辑和当下社会现状.表现手法上现实与虚构相分离,与当下社会环境相关;写实与怪诞相促进,用怪诞的手法来震撼读者的内心,以引起反思.怪诞和写实的两种文学表现手法最终殊途同归,共为表现小说主题服务.

Literary Gotesque and Realism in Kleinm Zaches

Kleinm Zaches is a grotesque novel written by a Germany writer, Hoffman, in which the interesting and narrative styles are combined together. Through the features and techniques of grotesque literature, the ugliness of Kleinm Zaches is described to the extreme, and so is perfection. This strengthens the dramatic effects. Satire and humor are the signs of its bizarre aesthetic function. Although in the grotesque style, there are many realistic elements in the novel. The background is set according to the society of the dayl the plot is based on the realityl and the tone is based on realism. The novel exposes the ugly nature of both Kleinm Zaches and the society, which is logical and in line with the social status. In terms of expressive techniques, reality and fiction are separated from each other, which is associated with current social environment. Realism and grotesque are mutually enhanced, and the bizarre technique shocks the readers＇ hearts, causing reflections. Although different in expression, the realistic and grotesque techniques serve together the theme of the novel.