论期待可能性的内部层次

期待可能性（Zumutbarkeit）是一种法律上的价值判断，用于评价行为人意志形成和意志决定的两个方面：一方面，评价行为人的认识能力和控制能力，由此而形成的评价标准，笔者称之为认识、控制能力之期待可能性；另一方面，评价对意志决定有强大影响的行为之“客观情状”，由此而形成的评价标准，笔者称之为客观情状之期待可能性。认识、控制能力之期待可能性既决定责任的有无，也决定责任的减轻；客观情状之期待可能性只决定责任的量的减轻，不决定有无。认识、控制能力之期待可能性既包含于故意与过失之中，也包含于刑事责任能力之中；客观情状之期待可能性只是责任的要素，不包含于故意、过失之中。

Discussion on the Interior Tiers of Zumutbarkeit

Zumutbarkeit is a value judgment in law which evaluates the two sides with regard to will formation and will decision.The evaluation standard for people's capacity of recognition and control is named as the Zumutbarkeit of the capacity of recognition and control.On the other hand,the evaluation standard for the objective situation which has strong influence over will decision is called Zumutbarkeit of objective situation.While the former determines not only whether there is a responsibility for decision but also the decrease of such responsibility,and is included in deliberateness and negligence,and criminal responsibility as well;the latter determines the decrease of responsibility only,and is not included in deliberateness or negligence.