科举制与士商合流

宋代以后,士大夫经商成为引人注目的社会现象。学者一般将其归因于商品经济发展的结果,实际上,商业的发展仅仅是士人经商的原因之一,若从社会政治制度的变革来看,可以看出科举制的实行与其大有关系:科举制的实行,导致士大夫政治、经济地位的降低,并进一步损害了他们的自尊心,使他们不得不通过从事一向被人看不起的商业活动改善自身的经济状况。

Intellectuals Under the Imperial Examinations

After Song dynasty, intellectual began to set foot in business.Academics generally attribute this to the development of commerce which, actually is only one of the reasons for the phenomenon. Taking the form of social political system into consideration,we can see that the Imperial Examinations play a major role in this phenomenon.It is the Imperial Examinations that debased the political and economic status of scholar-bureaucrat,which further injured their sense of pride.As a result, scholar-bureaucrats had to engage in business so as to improve their economic condition.