粮食统购统销视域下国家与农民关系（1953-1956）

新中国成立初期，国家为缓解严重的粮食危机，出台并强力实施了粮食统购统销政策，由此引起农民强烈的反应并形成农民与国家之间紧张的互动和博弈。这种互动和博弈主要表现为国家统购统销与农民自由之间的矛盾，高征购引发农民“粮食恐慌”的危机，强迫命令风导致农村干群关系尖锐对立。在农民微弱且坚韧持久的利益表达压力下，国家不断地调整和完善统购统销政策，并在农业合作化运动中实现双方的“利益整合”，冲突得以调适和纾解。国家与农民的互动和博弈，不仅折射出国家尊重农民、维护农民合法权益所做的不懈努力，也为当今推进农村改革、建设社会主义新农村提供了有益借鉴。

Relationship Between the State and Farmers From the Perspective of Grain Purchase and Sale (1953-1956)

In the initial period of new China, in order to alleviate the severe food crisis, the state promulgated and implemented a strong policy of grain purchase and sale, thus caused an strong rebound by farmers and formed the tensive interaction and game between farmers and the state. This interaction and game is mainly manifested as the contradiction between the statism and the farmers freedom, the purchase triggered the panic of farmers' grain crisis, and formed the sharp oppositive relationship between the cadres and the masses. Under the farmers' pressure of durable interest expression, the state continuously adjusted and improved the national monopoly policy of grain purchase and sale, and achieved both parties “interests integration” in the agricultural cooperative movement, and thus relieved the conflict for each other. This interaction and the game, not only reflected the respect of the state to the farmers, safeguarded the legitimate rights and interests of the farmers, but also provided many useful references for promoting the rural reform and building a new socialist countryside.