新冠肺炎疫情冲击下数字产业链的深化、分化及断裂

新冠肺炎疫情冲击之下,数字经济产业链呈现出一些不同寻常的发展趋势。主要表现为:一是数字产业链深化。线下经济的停工停产推动了数字企业的“攻城略地”,加快在公共服务业和工业制造业拓展数字产业链,同时也倒逼传统企业将业务和人员从线下搬到线上,促使数字化进程大幅提速,在事实上起到了托底经济增长的作用。二是数字产业链分化。数字产业链在总体上呈现出更加细化、专业化的倾向,但产业间出现了分化,酒店、餐饮、电影、旅游等行业尽管具备较高的数字化程度却受疫情影响更严重。而且,数字与非数字产业之间的分化加剧,商务楼宇等生产性服务业面临数字化冲击,线上办公、线上教育等可能颠覆人们对地理商圈、总部经济、CBD等的依赖性,改变经济和产业结构。三是数字产业链断裂。疫情加剧了数字经济产业链的断裂趋势,欧美不断封锁数字技术和产品设备的进出口,这对中国数字产业链的全球分工和布局造成长期负面冲击,值得政府和企业高度重视。

The Deepening,Differentiation and Fragmentation of the Digital Industrial Chain Exacerbated by the COVID-19 Epidemic

Under the impact of COVID-19,the digital industrial chain shows some unusual development trends.This is mainly reflected in the following three aspects:First,the deepening of the digital industrial chain.The shutdown of offline economy has promoted digital enterprises to expand their sphere of influence,accelerated the expansion of digital industrial chain in public service and manufacturing industry,and also forced traditional enterprises to move their business and personnel from offline to online,which greatly accelerated the digitization process and in fact played a role in supporting economic growth.Second,the differentiation of digital industrial chain.On the whole,the digital industrial chain tends to be more refined and specialized,but there is a divergence among industries.Hotels,restaurants,films,tourism and other industries are more seriously affected by the epidemic despite their high degree of digitalization.Moreover,the differentiation between digital and non-digital industries is intensified.Producer services such as commercial buildings are facing digital impact.Online office and online education may overturn peoples dependence on geographic business districts,headquarters economy and CBD,and rewrite the economic and industrial structure.Third,the digital industrial chain is broken.The epidemic has aggravated the breaking trend of the industrial chain of the digital economy,and Europe and the United States have continuously blocked the import and export of digital technologies and products and equipments.This has caused long-term negative impacts on the global division of labor and distribution of Chinas digital industrial chain,which deserves the great attention of the government and enterprises.