技能形成制度中的职业教育组织演化逻辑

职业学校是技能形成制度中的重要组织,中国技能教育组织经历了从学徒制到职业学校制度、行业办学到教育统筹的转变。组织演变经历了行业办学的中职学校、教育系统统筹的中高职院校和技术大学阶段。在计划体制下,内部技能形成制度的工厂学徒制和行业中职学校制并存,但市场化转型以来,这种内部技能形成制度逐渐丧失了社会制度和组织基础,被外部技能形成制度所取代,表现为行业系统和国有企业以经济生产为中心,逐步剥离职业教育和社会性功能,职业学校的管辖权则从行业系统逐步转移到教育系统统筹。在教育体系建设阶段,职业学校演变的实质是国家教育体系建设下的规模化发展和组织升级。职业教育组织变迁的背后是职教理念的推动,职校制度是一种正式的院校化、规模化、集群式的技能培养模式,对知识的追求建构了教育等级序列,教育理念更倾向精英化和学术性,关注职业教育在系统知识体系和教育科层中的等级地位。在职教体系建设下,学校对教育系统身份认同的追求,形塑了职业学校向上获取资源的理性策略和大学化的组织发展路径。

Organizational Evolution Logic of Vocational Education Organization in the Process of Skill Formation System

Vocational school is an important organization in the process of skill formation.The organization of skill education in China has experienced the transformation from apprenticeship to vocational school system,and from running a school by industries to education department.Vocational schools have experienced the stage of secondary vocational school running by industry,vocational college and technical university running by education system.Under the Planned economy system,as the internal skill formation system,factory apprenticeship and Industry Secondary Vocational Schools coexist,but since the market-oriented transformation,this internal skill formation system has gradually lost its social system and organizational foundation,and has been replaced by the external skill formation system,which shows that the industry system and state-owned enterprises take economic production as the center,and gradually peel off vocational education and social functions.The jurisdiction of vocational education is from industry director to education co-ordination.Under the construction of education system,vocational schools present the evolution logic of scale development and organization upgrading.Organizational evolution of rocational education is a process of mutual construction of educational philosophy and systems.The vocational school system is a formal,large-scale and cluster skill training mode.The pursuit of knowledge constructs the educational hierarchy.The educational philosophy tends to be elitist and academic,and pays attention to the hierarchical status of vocational education in the system knowledge system and educational hierarchy.Under the construction of national vocational education system,the schools pursuit of education system identity shapes the market rational strategy of vocational schools and the development path of organizational universalization.