共享出行的演化与创新

随着移动互联网技术的进步，共享出行市场快速成长，深刻地改变了传统的交通运输方式，改变了现有出行商业生态系统。为了更好地认识和理解共享出行，推动共享出行行业健康发展，运用服务管理、商业模式创新等理论和方法，系统梳理了共享出行的演化过程，分析了共享出行对于传统交通运输行业所带来的创新。研究认为，共享出行模式可有效提升出行效率，减少道路拥堵和污染物排放，因而受到世界各国的推崇和推广应用；与传统出行服务相比，共享出行强调根据需要短期购买使用权而非拥有所有权，实现“按需出行”，从而大幅节约居民出行成本；现有共享出行可划分为共享汽车和共享自行车两大类，其中，共享汽车又可进一步划分为C2C、B2C、网约车和拼车或合乘等模式，其对于传统出行服务体系的改进或创新，主要表现为服务化、平台化和生态化，即出行即服务（MaaS）、基于服务集成的出行平台以及基于共享的出行生态系统，这些创新必将推动传统交通运输服务体系转型升级。

Evolution and innovation of shared mobility

With the progress of mobile Internet technology, the shared mobility market has grown rapidly, which has profoundly changed the traditional mode of transportation and transformed the current commercial ecosystem of mobility. In order to better understand shared mobility and promote the healthy development of the shared mobility industry, this paper systematically sorts out the evolution process of shared mobility by using theories and methods such as service management and business model innovation, and analyzes the innovation brought by shared mobility to the traditional transportation industry. The research shows that the mode of shared mobility can effectively improve travel efficiency and reduce road congestion and pollutant emission, so it is highly praised and popularized by countries around the world. Compared with traditional travel services, shared mobility emphasizes short term purchase of the right to use rather than ownership, realizing "mobility on demand", thus saving residents’ mobility costs substantially. The existing shared mobility can be divided into two categories: car sharing and bike sharing, among which the first can be further classified into C2C car sharing, B2C car sharing, online car hailing, carpooling or co riding modes. The improvement or innovation of the traditional travel service system is mainly embodied in the service, platform and ecology, namely mobility as a service (MaaS), mobility platform based on service integration and mobility ecosystem based on sharing. The above innovations brought by the sharing mode will certainly have a far reaching impact on the transformation and upgrading of the traditional transportation service system.