主体间性视野下毕达哥拉斯学派的美学思想

西方古代美学始于毕达哥拉斯学派。他们把对美学的思考纳入到对伦理社会哲学的整体思考中，目的是建立一个理想的城邦国家，成为西方政治美学之滥觞。数的关系的和谐是毕达哥拉斯学派美学的核心思想。他们通过探讨宇宙的和谐本质，以及具体事物和艺术的和谐，进而提出了建立一个秩序与和谐的城邦国家的政治理想。这一理想实现的前提是城邦的公民成为品德高尚的伦理主体，彼此之间依循伦理道德原则而发生社会关系，因此，其政治美学具有主体间性的属性。为了将城邦的公民塑造成品德高尚的伦理主体，他们采取了修行和教育来净化人的身体和灵魂，以实现他们建构秩序与和谐的理想城邦国家的目的。

The Aesthetic Theory of the Pythagorean School in the View of Inter-subjectivity

Originated in the Pythagorean School, the ancient western aesthetics incorporated the aesthetic thinking into the thinking of ethical, social, and philosophical wholeness in order to establish an ideal city-state, which became the origin of the western political aesthetics. The harmonious relationship of numerals is the core of the Pythagorean School＇s aesthetic. This school intended to establish an order and harmonious city-state through discussing the harmonious nature of universe and the harmony of the things and art. The pre-condition of achieving the above ideal is that the citizens of the city-state become the ethnic main body containing high moral level and establish social relationship because of adhering to each other＇s ethnic and moral principle; thus, its political aesthetic contains the characteristic of inter-subjectivity. In order to transform the citizens of the city-state to the ethnic main body possessing the high moral level, the Pythagorean School purified people＇s body and spirit through cultivation and education, which could help achieve the goal of constructing the order and harmonious city-state.