报应主义与刑事政策

只有将刑罚目的奠基于报应主义为基础的功利主义之上,现代刑法才真正有可能不仅成为保护人民的大宪章,而且成为保护犯罪人的大宪章.报应主义一经脱胎于原始的报复便与其分道扬镳,它以意志自由为立论前提、道义责任为归责基础,主张罪刑均衡,彰显公正、人权、秩序之现代文明社会三大价值.虽然单纯的报应并不足以解释刑罚的目的,与预防相结合才是其真正归宿,但是报应优先、兼顾功利的一体化思想应当成为我们坚定的立场并贯穿于死刑、刑罚个别化和"严打"等诸多刑事政策的考量之中.

Retributionism and Criminal Policy

When reading the criminal textbooks nowadays,we can see the dominant view about aims of penalty is prevention of the crime while the position of retribution can hardly be found.In fact,utilitarianism is limited by retributionism.Only in this way,the modern criminal law can be the charter of protecting not only the kind people,but also the criminal offenders.Although deriving from revenge,retributionism has different meanings.It is based on free will and takes morality responsibility as the doctrine of liability fixation.It advocates the balance between crime and punishment and shows the values of justice,human rights and order in modern society.Although combined with the theory of preventionism,the theory of retributionism can find its real destination.The view of giving priority to retributionism and taking account of utilitarianism should be our firm standpoint and run through the criminal policy,such as death penalty,individulization of punishment and "strike hard" campaign.