文化诗学视野中的谣言传播

谣言不仅是一种文化现象,它还以易传播、传播速度快、矛盾性和跨学科性等特点构成类似于新历史主义的文化诗学,谣言诗学将口头流传的传说、逸事与现在的社会现象结合起来,形成一种社会性文本,通过谣言本身与现实对话。在中西方已有的众多对谣言的界定中,都过分注重于谣言这一消息是否具有确切的来源。落脚点都在“来源处”。其实恰恰相反,谣言不是在其来源处产生的,而在于其传播的过程。因此,谣青的界定应着眼于其传播本身,事实上,谣言不管其来源准确与否,都会在传播过程中发生变异,只有发生了变异的消息才是谣言,这就是“传播的偏向”,可以说,谣言是在传播过程中发生了转移或偏向的消息。这“转移”或“偏向”是由谣言听传者完成的,它具有明显的意识形态属性。

Spread of Rumor in the Vision of Cultural Poetics

Rumor is not only a cultural phenomenon, but also a cultural poetics which resembles the Neo-historicism because of its easiness and speed in spreading, its contradiction, and its coverage of multi-discipline. Rumor poetics combines the legendary past from mouth to mouth and anecdotes with the present social atmosphere to form a new social text and to talk with reality by means of rumor. Among all the definitions of rumor both in western and eastern world, most of them paid too much attention to the sources of rumor, whether the rumor comes from an exact source or not. However, it is the process of rumor spreading that should be emphasized since rumor will undergo an evolution in the process of spreading no matter whether it is true in its source or not. Rumor's deflection means the information changes during the process of spreading. Therefore rumor is information that has been transferred or deflected. These transformations or deflections, done by listeners, are very apparent in their nature of ideology. This definition can also be illustrated from the angles of the target audience, psychology, route and receiver of spreading.