农村独生子女家庭的养老风险及其保障

解决农村独生子女家庭的养老风险，即关系到国家生育价值的实现，也关系到农村社会的稳定与健康发展。从风险成因上看，少子老龄化，人才流动和城市迁居趋势及家庭结构核心化等是农村独生子女家庭养老风险扩大的重要原因。从风险形式上看。农村独生子女家庭面临着比非独生子女家庭和城市独生子女家庭更加严重的经济保障风险和生活照料、医疗护理及精神慰藉等非经济养老风险，而经济保障风险尤为突出。本文立足风险视角，分析了农村独生子女家庭的养老风险成因，指出了其面临的主要风险形式，并从国家、社会、家庭和个人四个层面提出了化解独生子女家庭养老风险的建议。

Endowment Risks and Countermeasures for the One-Child Family in Rural Area

Using the expand linear expenditure model,this paper tries to the analyse identification of rural minimum livehood guarantee standard in Ningxia, and proposed three different levels of the rural minimum livehood guarantee line. The results showed that the minimum living line measured from the perspective of consumer spending in rural areas of Ningxia are far higher than the current correspondence that implementated by the Government, and the basic consumption of rural residents and expenditure have been seriously underestimated. Therefore, it is necessary to give full consideration to the relativity and diversity of rural residents consumption in Ningxia when formulating the minimum living standard. In particular, the Government has to promptly improve the rural minimum living standard level with the economic and social development and the growth of financial revenue.