西汉辞赋家的“俳优”意识及其消解方式

在西汉,辞赋家被称做“俳优”。这是由他们的政治、经济和社会地位决定的,和真正的以娱乐君王为职业的俳优有可比性。辞赋家的“俳优意识”是不得志文人的共同感受,也说明他们有意以文人自命,和当时的立功之士拉开距离。“俳优意识”是辞赋家怨愤情绪的写照,在这里,儒、道二家的社会批判意识和安顿心灵的人生之学对消解他们的俳优心理起着决定作用,这种消解是西汉大一统专制政治制度下士人不得不做出的人生选择。

Tentative Interpretation of Paiyou in the Western Han Dynasty

The masters of Ci-Fu were called Paiyou in the Western Han Dynasty,which was decided by their position in the politics,economy,and society.There was the similarity between them and those professional Paiyou who amused the emperor.Their consciousness of Paiyou was the common feeling existing among the unsuccessful scholars.On the other hand,it meant that they wanted to take the position of the scholarship and kept distance with those successful scholars.The term of Paiyou reflected their discontented and indignant feelings.In this kind of situation,the consciousness of social criticism and the mind pacification advocated by the Confucianism and the Taoism were decisive to the construction of their personality.This kind of personality tendency was their only choice in the unity of the nation in the Western Han Dynasty.