清代渭河滩地的开垦历程及其影响

渭河作为黄河的最大支流，沿岸滩地广阔，在清代经历了从牧场向农田的转变。本文基于大量清代奏折档案，结合方志、舆图等，着重探讨了清代渭河滩地的大规模耕垦历程，包括顺治至雍正年间的零散耕垦、乾隆至咸丰年间的大规模招垦，以及同治至宣统年间招垦停滞与复苏等阶段，指出滩地的大规模开垦对渭河滩地土壤与植被、滨水地带景观和区域社会发展产生了显著影响。

On the Process of Reclamation of the Wei River Beach land in the Qing Dynasty and its Influence

As the largest tributary of the Yellow River, the Wei River has a vast beach land, which experienced the transformation from pasture to farmland in the Qing dynasty. Based on a large number of memorial files, local chronicles and maps of the Qing dynasty, this paper discusses the process of large scale reclamation of the Wei River beach land in the Qing dynasty, including the scattered reclamation from the Shunzhi Period to the Yongzheng Period, the large scale reclamation from the Qianlong Period to the Xianfeng Period, the stagnation and recovery of reclamation from the Tongzhi Period to the Xuantong Period, and concludes that the large scale reclamation of the Wei River beach land had a significant impact on the soil, vegetation and waterfront landscape of the Wei River as well as the regional social development.