民事诉讼请求之释明

在民事诉讼中,作为当事人利益期待的集中体现,诉讼请求构成受诉法院审判的直接对象。与此同时,诉讼请求又与诉讼标的密切相关,但诉讼标的指涉的案件实体范畴要比诉讼请求更大,涵盖了事实争点、法律关系、诉讼理由等。它以诉讼请求作为首要的识别指引并预设着法院的审判范围。由于法院主导着纠纷事实的法律适用,当事人不负担提出“适法评价”诉讼请求之义务;法院应当在当事人诉讼请求“描绘”的事实背景及其诉讼目的范围内向其释明,引导当事人提出法律评价完整、适当的诉讼请求,以便确定案件的诉讼标的。法院释明失范时应当设置一定的法律规制。

Interpretations of Civil Claims

In civil litigation, as the concentrated embodiment of parties'' expected interests, the claim is the direct object of the court''s review. At the same time, the claim is closely related to the object of action, but the case substantial category referred to by the object of action is larger than that referred to by the claim, covering the factual contention, the legal relation, the reason of action, and so on. It takes the claim as the primary identification guide and presets the trial scope of the court. Since the court dominates the legal application of dispute facts, neither party shall be obligated to make a claim for "legal evaluation". The court shall explain to parties with the scope of the factual context "described" by the claim and the purpose of action, and guide parties to put forward a complete and appropriate claim for legal evaluation, so as to determine the object of action of the case. The court shall set up certain legal regulations when its interpretation is not standard.