晚明与晚清中国对日战争之比较——纪念中日甲午战争120周年

晚明万历年间日本悍然发动侵朝战争,明廷以保护藩属为名出兵,先后两次打败日本军队,维护了以明王朝为核心的东亚封贡体系;晚清光绪年间日本挑起中日甲午战争,清朝北洋水师全军覆没,以清王朝为核心的东亚封贡体系至此彻底崩溃。两次中国对日战争,其结果是一胜一负,但后者对中日朝三国的影响确是极为深远的。清王朝彻底沦为半殖民地半封建社会,朝鲜实质上成为日本的殖民地,而日本却崛起为东亚新兴霸主,朝着世界级的资本主义强国迈进。

A COMPARISON OF THE SINO-JAPANESE WARS IN LATE MING AND LATE QING DYNASTY——To commemorate the 120th anniversary of Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895

In late Ming Dynasty, the imperial court sent troops in the name of protecting vassal and fought side by side with the DPRK army. They defeated the Japanese army twice successively, maintained the East Asian Tributary System with the Ming Dynasty as the core. In the late years of Qing Dynasty, Japan and Qing sent troops to help Korea to repress the peasant uprising of East School Party. Then the Japanese attacked on Qing＇ s troopship, made an attempt to dominate Korea and provoked the Sino-Japanese War. Northern Navy of the Qing Dynasty was annihilated and Korea became a protectorate of Japan, thus the total collapse of the East A- sian Tributary System. When we compare these two wars against Japan, the result is one win and one loss but in terms of the influence of the two wars, the latter has far-reaching effect on China, Japan and Korea. Qing Dynasty was completely reduced to a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society and North Korea was essentially a colony of Japan, while Japan had emerged as an emerging hegemony of the East Asian, moving forward a world-class capitalist power.