ChatGPT等生成式人工智能的意识形态风险及其应对

意识形态风险防范是事关民族复兴、国家主权、文化建设的核心范畴。在当今人工智能技术蓬勃发展的数字时代,以ChatGPT为代表的生成式人工智能技术内嵌渗透到社会生活领域之中,伴随着交互深度与辐射范围的不断扩展,裹挟了众多具有新特点的意识形态风险。清晰明辨ChatGPT等生成式人工智能产生意识形态风险的内在机理是防范生成式人工智能意识形态风险的前提。ChatGPT等生成式人工智能凭借内容生成的首要功能对意识形态的价值观念层进行渗透;依靠交互对话的产品形态对意识形态的话语方式产生影响;利用多维应用的功能属性对社会生活实践领域展开强势介入,促使当下意识形态斗争态势风云诡谲,变化万千。理性审视和精准识别ChatGPT等生成式人工智能所诱发的意识形态风险是防范生成式人工智能意识形态风险的关键。从意识形态引领角度出发,ChatGPT等生成式人工智能的运行机制深蕴的资本逻辑解构社会成员已形成的认知和价值,借由"技术-资本"双重优势导致意识形态面临引领乏力风险;从意识形态话语维度审视,ChatGPT等生成式人工智能带来的"人机协同"话语生产新模式削弱主流意识形态话语深度,多元的生成式话语输送淡化话语权威,导致意识形态话语减蚀风险;从意识形态管理层面反思,ChatGPT等生成式人工智能引发的信息传播新范式消解意识形态管理的主导权,及其对人的强化宰制,导致意识形态管理弱化风险。ChatGPT等生成式人工智能在掌握先进技术基础上诱发了一系列辐射广泛、渗透全面、不易掌控的意识形态风险。如何防范与化解ChatGPT等生成式人工智能所带来的意识形态风险,成为当前我国意识形态建设无法回避的新课题。首先,贯彻落实人民至上的价值理念,以马克思主义理论指导意识形态防范工作,推进打造人机和谐、风清气正的网络空间;其次,打造富有中国特色的话语途径,在讲好中国故事的话语基础上破解西方话语的现代困境;最后,积极倡导全球治理并贡献中国方案,以共商共建共享的发展原则,依托人类命运共同体构建负责任的人工智能格局,促使ChatGPT等生成式人工智能在现代文明面前彰显光明的未来前景。

The ideological risks of generative artificial intelligence such as ChatGPT and its response

Ideological risk prevention is a key area related to national rejuvenation, national sovereignty and cultural construction. Today, as artificial intelligence technology is booming, generative AI technology represented by ChatGPT has been penetrated into the society. And with the expansion of the depth and scope of its interactions, it has wrapped up with many ideological risks with new characteristics. The prerequisite of preventing the ideological risk of generative AI, such as ChatGPT, is to clearly identify its internal mechanism. It makes an infiltration into people''s ideological value by virtue of its primary function, which is generating contents. It affects the discourse of people''s ideology by virtue of a form of interaction and dialogue with them. It strongly gets involve in people''s practices and their social life by virtue of the function of multi-dimensional application, eventually it has led to the current ideological struggle to be extremely controversial and ever-changing. The key to prevent the ideological risk of generative AI, such as ChatGPT, is to take rational examination and precise identification on it. From the perspective of ideological leader, the capital logic embedded in its operation mechanism deconstructs the cognition and values already formed by members of the society, and leads to the risk of ineffective ideological leadership due to the dual advantages of "technology-capital". From the perspective of ideological discourse, it provides a new discourse mode of "human-machine collaboration", which weakens the depth of mainstream ideological discourse. And its multiple generative discourse delivery has abated the authority of discourse, resulting in the risk of eroding ideological discourse. From the perspective of ideological management, the new paradigm of information dissemination triggered by generative AI has eliminated the dominant right of ideology management and strengthened its control over people, which brought about the risk of weakening ideological management. Generative AI, such as ChatGPT, takes technological iteration as an opportunity of the times, and on the material basis of advanced technology, it has led to a series of ideological risks with extensiveness, comprehensiveness and uncertainty. How to prevent the ideological risks brought about by ChatGPT and other generative AI has become a new topic that cannot be avoided in China''s ideological construction. First, we must stick to the value of "putting the people first", regard Marxist theory as the guideline of ideological prevention, and promote the building of a cyberspace with human-machine harmony and clean air. Second, we need to build a discourse channel with Chinese characteristics, and break the modern dilemma of Western discourse on the basis of discourse of telling a good Chinese story. Lastly, we need to actively advocate for global governance and contribute to China''s solutions. We must uphold the principle of extensive consultation, joint contribution and shared benefits, rely on the carrier of a community with a shared future for mankind, and build a responsible landscape of artificial intelligence. By doing so, generative AI is prompted to show its bright future in the face of modern civilization.